Prospects for non-Fermi-liquid behavior of a two-level impurity in a metal

It has been claimed that an impurity hopping between two sites in a metal can lead to non-Fermi-liquid behavior if the bias between the two sites is tuned to zero. Here it is shown that several extra tunneling processes are allowed; those involving bare impurity tunneling as well as two-electron-assisted tunneling play important roles. These terms generally drive the system away from the intermediate-coupling non-Fermi-liquid fixed point, which has the character of the two-channel Kondo problem. Tn order to find the non-Fermi-liquid behavior a combination of these terms must be small over a range of energy scales. The prospects for obtaining these conditions are studied by analyzing both the weak-coupling and the intermediate-coupling behavior, together with the connecting crossover region. Unfortunately, the conclusions are rather pessimistic. The phase diagram and the important crossover are analyzed via bosonization and refermionization and some of the results compared to those obtained from conformal held theory. Finally, an additional non-Fermi-liquid fixed point is found, a multicritical point with two relevant directions even in the unbiased case.