The Afrotropical species of the genus Leptocera OLIVIER, 1813 are reviewed and illustrated. Two new species: Leptocera austroafricana sp. n. (Malawi, Rwanda, R. S. A.) and L. inconspicua sp. n. (Kenya, R. S. A.) are described, L. kovacsi DUDA, 1925 and L. elgonensis RICHARDS, 1938 are re-described. Limosina (Paracollinella) chambii VANSCHUYTBROECK, 1950 is synonymised with Leptocera nigra OLIVIER, 1813 and "Limosa" (Paracollinella) decisetosa VANSCHUYTBROECK, 1952 is synonymised with Leptocera marginata (ADAMS, 1905). Paracollinella basilewskyi VANSCHUYTBROECK, 1962 is transferred from Leptocera to the genus Rachispoda LIOY, 1864 as Rachispoda basilewskyi (VANSCHUYTBROECK, 1962). The characteristics of the species groups are discussed.