Polarization controling approach in reconfigurable microstrip graphene-based antenna

In this paper, the performance of graphene in patch antennas is investigated in order to control the antenna polarization. The physical structure of the antenna is designed in such a way that only through the graphene's Fermi energy level, right-hand, left-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization can be obtained. Changes in the Fermi energy level of the graphene that directly affects its chemical potential can be adjusted through an external electric field which is provided by a DC bias. The general approach of this paper is to use graphene the design process of patch antennas for tuning their polarization. Therefore, the optimization procedure for the antenna in any of its operating modes is not discussed in this article. Finally, antenna matching, axial ratio, antenna radiation pattern, and its efficiency in the case of discussed polarizations are proposed. For the frequency of 0.65 to 0.7 THz in terms of matching and polarization situations our proposed antenna has good performance.