Randomized, Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Ultrasound and Exercise in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis

Context . The aim in treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is to reduce patients' symptoms, including pain, stiffness, and fatigue; to correct their posture; and to improve their quality of life. Currently, no definitive therapy is available for treating AS. Previous studies have reported positive results regarding the efficacy of exercise. Objective . This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ultrasound, combined with exercise, in patients with AS. Design . The research team designed a randomized, double-blind, 2-arm parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Setting . The study took place at the Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University (Mudanjiang, China). Participants . Participants were 62 individuals with AS who were patients at the hospital. Intervention . Participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: (1) the intervention group, who received exercise and ultrasound therapy; or (2) the control group, who received exercise and placebo ultrasound therapy, without an active probe, both for 8 wk. Outcome Measures . The outcome measures included (1) the numerical rating scale (NRS), (2) the Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI), (3) the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), (4) the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), and (5) the ankylosing spondylitis quality of life (ASQoL) questionnaire. All outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of 4 and 8 wk of treatment. Results . Fifty-seven patients fulfilled the requirements of the study. Ultrasound and exercise therapy showed greater efficacy than the placebo ultrasound and exercise in decreasing the scores for the NRS, daily and at night; the BASMI; the BASDAI; the BASFI; and the ASQoL, at the end of both 4 and 8 wk of treatment. No adverse events were noted in either group. Conclusions . The study demonstrated that 8 wk of ultrasound and exercise therapy was efficacious in patients with AS.