Impact of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ellagitannin-rich food has been implicated to ameliorate cardiovascular risk, particularly blood pressure (BP). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on BP. Five databases were screened and RCTs reporting the effect of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on BP and polyphenol content were included. Nineteen studies with 1,249 participants, showed a non-significant systolic blood pressure (SBP) and significant diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduction, with ET-rich fruit consumption. Subgroup analysis revealed significant SBP reduction among hypertensives receiving 500-1000 mg polyphenol (-4.95 mmHg, 95 % CI: [-7.24,-2.66]) and among metabolic syndrome (MS) patients (-3.44 mmHg; 95 % CI: [-5.25, -1.63]). meta-regression revealed a positive association between polyphenol dosage and SBP changes. In conclusion, the consumption of ellagitannin-rich fruits may be considered an anti-hypertensive functional food/ drink and recommended for patients who are at high risk for hypertension. Further well-designed trials are required to resolve the significant heterogeneities identified in the current literature.