Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the efficacy and safety of bovine lung phospholipid and poractant alfa injections in the treatment of neonatal hyaline membrane disease with continuous positive airway pressure. Methods: A total of 136 newborns with neonatal hyaline membrane disease were selected as research objects and were analyzed, retrospectively. The newborns were divided into group A (66 newborns treated with bovine lung phospholipid injections combined with continuous positive airway pressure) and group B (70 newborns treated with poractant alfa injections combined with continuous positive airway pressure), with different treatment methods for each group. The two groups were compared regarding arterial blood gases (PH value, arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO(2)), artery partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)), vital signs (respiratory, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), before treatment, at 12 hours and 24 hours after treatment, complications (infection, pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy, and brain injury), hospitalization time, treatment cost, and survival. Results: Clinical data of the newborns and pregnant women between the two groups showed no statistical differences (all P>0.05). The two groups showed no differences in respiration, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and SpO(2) before treatment and 24 hours after treatment (all P>0.05). At 12 hours after treatment, the two groups showed no differences in heart rate and mean blood pressure (both P>0.05), while group B showed significantly higher respiratory frequency and SpO(2)% than group A (P=0.002, P=0.001). Before treatment and at 24 hours after treatment, group A and group B showed no statistical differences in PH value, PaO2/FiO(2), PaCO2, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (all P>0.05), while group A showed a significantly lower PH value than the normal value. At 12 hours after treatment, compared with group B, group A showed a significant increase in PH value and PaO2/FiO(2), while showing significant lower PaCO2 and PEEP (all P<0.05). Compared with group B, group A showed a significant increase in incidence of complications, which was statistically significant (P=0.001). Compared with group A, group B showed a significant decrease in hospitalization time and treatment costs (P=0.037, P=0.041). Finally, a K-M survival curve was drawn based on 6 months of follow-up. It showed that group A and group B had no statistical differences in survival (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bovine lung phospholipid and poractant alfa injections showed few efficacy differences. However, poractant alfa injections have greater application value and are worthy of clinical promotion, due to advantages in safety, hospitalization time, and treatment costs.
