CHALLENGES IN PROMOTING MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP: FIRST EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY

Purpose: Migrants are known for their high affinity to entrepreneurship and record for substantial entrepreneurial activities in Germany. These activities are supported by various push factors of the labour market. Migrant entrepreneurship is also known for a high risk of failure because this group has problems meeting financial standards in Germany as well as to develop a market strategy in a highly competitive environment. The main goal of this paper is to present first empirical evidence of the entrepreneurial activities by prospective migrant entrepreneurs and their specific needs to promote migrant entrepreneurship in sophisticated economies. Design/methodology/approach: The research is exploratory in nature in order to understand the challenges in promoting migrant entrepreneurship. By employing the GEM research model to analyse entrepreneurial activities and models of social migration/integration, the research aims to define specific variables migrants face while entering sophisticated markets. The data for the analysis has been generated in Germany by studying migration statistics provided by the German Office for Migrations, as well as 20 in-depth interviews of migrants, including an analysis of their social background by their CV. Findings: This paper provides the first insights into the expectations and motivation of migrants towards entrepreneurship. It particular, the research shows quite clearly the development migrants have to undergo within a short period of time in order to change from a survival-oriented economy, characterized by an unreliable economic environment, to an innovation-driven economy. The major challenges for migrants is to build up the required managerial competencies in order to develop a market strategy and to meet the financial standards in Germany. The analysis of the interviews showed quite clearly that the potential migrant entrepreneurs are underestimating these entrepreneurial requirements. Research/practical implications: The results of the paper show a strong need for early entrepreneurial education. Thereby there is a need to develop entrepreneurial training and consultancy programs for better knowledge transfer, based on the migrant's entrepreneurial environment. Moreover, the paper also gives some insights into the migration policy to reduce push factors towards a necessity driven entrepreneurial motivation. The required entrepreneurial training should take place within the welcome and arrival stages of the integration process in order to avoid future business failure. Here one perceives responsibility by policy makers and authorities involved in the integration process to provide the necessary resources. Originality/value: The paper allows the first insights into migration entrepreneurship. On the basis of the research model, as well as a newly created understanding of the survival orientated economy, this paper gives an understanding of the need to change the attitude of prospective entrepreneurs when entering entrepreneurship. The main added value of this paper needs to be seen as giving new insights into the entrepreneurial process of migrants as well as their entrepreneurial personality.