The physics of infinite in time universe

The Gravitation Photons Universe (GPU) theory put forward in Phys. Essays 23, 388 (2010) is now reformulated. It underlies a cosmological model of a nonevolving on a large time scale universe. In the original formulation of the theory, special relativity was not accounted for. This shortcoming is now removed by incorporating the mass-energy equivalence to arrive at both the equivalence of energy and gravity and a gravity conservation law. The concept of a nonevolving universe requires the speed of light to be constant and independent of the speed of the emitting source only when subject to gravitation. The originally suggested proof of the constancy of the speed of light when subject to gravitation was based on the assumption that a photon had an arbitrarily small rest mass. The energy-gravity equivalence makes this assumption unnecessary. These two adjustments to the GPU theory make it consistent with relativistic physics. The theory implies the filamentary structure of the universe to be a consequence of a finite range of gravity. The estimated, average mass density in the Milky Way supports the premise of the finite range of gravity to a high degree of accuracy. The value of a constant fundamental to the theory shows that the average mass density in the universe is orders of magnitude larger than currently estimated. The GPU theory explains the structure of the universe identified from the redshift surveys and other astrophysical observations. (C) 2012 Physics Essays Publication. [DOI: 10.4006/0836-139825.3.455]