Comparison of patient-prothesis mismatch after surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes and incidence of postoperative patient-prothesis mismatch after surgical aortic valve replacement using supra-annular bioprosthesis and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2015, a total of 73 patients (37 males, 36 females; mean age 71.8 +/- 5.7 years; range, 65 to 82 years) who underwent either surgical aortic valve replacement using supraannular bioprosthesis (n=36) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (n=37) were included. Postoperative patient-prothesis mismatch was defined as absent, mild-to-moderate, and severe, if the indexed effective orifice area was >0.85 cm(2)/m(2), >0.65 to <0.85 cm(2)/m(2), and <0.65 cm(2)/m(2), respectively. Both groups were compared in terms of patient-prothesis mismatch, postoperative outcomes, and mortality. Results: The overall incidence of mild-to-moderate patient-prosthesis mismatch was 17.8% (13/73). No severe patient-prosthesis mismatch was observed. Mild-to-moderate patient-prosthesis mismatch was found in three patients (8.1%) in the transcatheter group and in 10 patients (27.8%) in the surgery group (p=0.035). Body surface area was the significant predictor of patient-prosthesis mismatch (p=0.007). Diameters of bioprosthetic valves in the surgery and transcatheter groups were 21.4 +/- 2 and 23.9 +/- 2.6 mm, respectively (p=0.002). Early mortality and pacemaker implantation rates were higher in the transcatheter group (p>0.05). Postoperative outcomes were similar between the groups. Mid-term mortality at a mean follow-up of 47.7 +/- 7.3 months was similar between the groups (p=0.158). Conclusion: In high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, patient-prosthesis mismatch is mild-to-moderate after surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation; however, this has no effect on early mortality. Based on our study results, we suggest that the use of surgical approach for aortic valve replacement may prevent potential complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation.