Characterisation of ferromagnetic magnetic storage media surfaces by complementary particle induced X-ray analysis and time of flight-energy dispersive elastic recoil detection analysis

Thin (10 nm-1 mu m) films of ferromagnetic material constitute an important class of materials that are difficult to analyse by conventional ion beam analytical (IBA) techniques because they are based on the ferromagnetic elements (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr). The similar or overlapping isotope masses makes it difficult to separate the elemental signals using time of flight and energy dispersive elastic recoil detection (ToF-E ERD). In this exploratory study we have investigated the use of Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PINE) measurements to refine the mass dispersive depth profile information from ToF-E ERD. The surfaces of two commercial magnetic media were investigated, One sample was a 3 1/2" double density diskette with a coating of ferrite particles in an organic binder, The other sample was a complex C/Co/Cr/Ni-P/Al multilayer structure taken from a standard hard disc. The Lund nuclear microprobe with a 2.55 MeV proton beam was used for PIXE analysis. ToF-ERD measurements were carried out using a 55 MeV I-127(10+) ion beam incident at 67.5 degrees to the surface normal. The time of flight and kinetic energy of recoils ejected at 45 degrees to the ion beam direction was measured in a detector telescope. The findings demonstrate that by detailed analysis of the PIXE spectra it is possible to remove the ambiguities in mass assignment of the ToF-ERD data associated with the ferromagnetic elements. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.