Differences between Men and Women in Condom Use, Attitudes, and Skills in Substance Abuse Treatment Seekers

Background For substance abuse treatment-seekers engaging in high risk sexual behavior, their inconsistent condom use may be related to their condom use attitudes and skills. Objective This study compared treatment-seeking male and female substance abusers in their reported barriers to condom use and condom use skills. Methods Men and women (N=1,105) enrolled in two multi-site HIV risk reduction studies were administered the Condom Barriers Scale, Condom Use Skills, and an audio computer-assisted structured interview assessing sexual risk behavior. Results Men endorsed more barriers to condom use, especially on the Effects on Sexual Experience factor. For both men and women, stronger endorsement of barriers to condom use was associated with less use of condoms. However, the difference between condom users and non-users in endorsement of condom barriers in general is greater for men than women, especially for those who report having casual partners. Conclusions Findings support the need to focus on gender-specific barriers to condom use in HIV/STI prevention interventions, especially risk behavior intervention techniques that address sexual experience with condoms. Scientific Significance Results provide additional information about the treatment and prevention needs of treatment-seeking men and women. (Am J Addict 2013;22:150-157)