Fabrication and characterization of focused-ion-beam trimmed write heads for perpendicular magnetic recording

A focused ion beam (FIB) has been used to trim write heads for perpendicular magnetic recording using untrimmed HGA-level longitudinal heads. The ion-beam imaging of the write head during FIB processing was minimized to limit exposure of the active magnetic material at the ABS to a 30 keV Ga+ ion dose of less than 10(14) Ga+/cm(2) (approximate to10(-13) C/mum(2)) (the GMR reader was never exposed), which is significantly below levels where magnetic properties have been observed to degrade [W. M. Kaminsky , Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1589 (2001)]. The corresponding recording characteristics and spatial profiles of written tracks have been measured on a spin stand and a magnetic force microscope (MFM). Recording performance, such as SNR, and pulse shape of transitions, for example, as a function of head design and FIB processing is discussed, which compares very favorably to the performance of untrimmed heads. The MFM images reveal curvature in the magnetic transitions (transition smile) when writing with a single-pole writer with a straight trailing edge. Conversely, we demonstrate straight transitions using a single-pole writer with a curved trailing edge. Our results demonstrate the robustness of FIB-trimmed heads down to sub-100-nm length scales. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.