Distribution and antibiotics resistance of emerging or reemerging pathogenic bacteria in 7A Military Hospital

Aim: The objective of this study is to determine and evaluate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of emerging or reemerging pathologic bacteria in 7A Military Hospital (Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam) from January 2017 to June 2019 with the aim of contributing to clinical activities related to drug resistance, especially in emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated on the Mac Conkey agar and identified by 20NE and 20E kit (Bio Merieux). Antibiograms were made using sensitivity discs, identification cards, and the Vitek2 Compact instrument. The procedures were performed following the guidelines of WHO and CLSI criteria for culturing and antibiogram. Results: This study isolated 432 bacterial strains into five genera, mostly from respiratory and blood specimens. Acinetobacter spp. was observed mainly in the Department of Resuscitation (50.2%), had resistance against most testing antibiotics, especially aztreonam (98%), except for included colistin (18%). Klebsiella spp. were mostly observed in the Departments of Internal Medicine (27.3%), and Infectious Disease (27.9%) and were susceptible to many antibiotics, especially carbapenems and aminoglycoside, but were resistant against ceftriaxone (72.4%). Stenotrophomonas spp. mainly occurred in the Department of Internal Medicine (49.1%) and were resistant to most testing antibiotics except for SXT (10%), LEV (22%), and MIN (23%). MDR and above in Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Stenotrophomonas spp. were at 74.6%, 61.0%, and 69.8%, respectively, with XDR, reached 47.2% in Stenotrophomonas spp. Discussion: Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. were the most frequently spotted in this study and have long been known as a common pathogen. Stenotrophomonas spp. presence was significant, but less frequent. Their presence in blood and respiratory was expected in the medical literature. Multi-drug resistance was widely observed, especially in Stenotrophomonas spp., however, Klebsiella spp. was still highly susceptible in general. A similar range of antibiotics resistance was recorded in many other studies. Antibiotic resistance was significant especially in Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas spp., but within literature expectation. Close monitor of emerging resistant strains and improvements in hospital hygiene is essential to prevent the risks of resistant emerging and re-emerging bacteria.