Combined convective and radiative heat transfer in turbulent tube flow

This study addresses the theoretical investigation of steady-state coupled forced hydrodynamically fully developed turbulent convection and radiation heat transfer in absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering gray fluid flow through a constant surface temperature tube whose internal surface reflects radiation both diffusely and specularly. In particular, the energy equation is solved by a finite difference method, and the radiation-transfer equation is solved by the method of discrete ordinates in conjunction with the Crank-Nicholson marching scheme.