Cognitive-communication skills and acute outcome following mild traumatic brain injury

Purpose Little is known about cognitive-communication skills post mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We aimed to determine how performance on cognitive-communication measures in the acute recovery period relates to early outcome following complicated mTBI. Method Results of language and communication skill measures, demographic and accident-related data, length of stay (LOS), Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) scores and discharge destinations were retrospectively gathered for 128 admitted patients with complicated mTBI. Results More than half of the individuals required rehabilitation services post discharge from hospital with over a third needing in-patient rehabilitation. Patients with poorer skills in auditory comprehension, verbal reasoning, confrontation naming, verbal fluency and conversational discourse were more likely to require in-patient rehabilitation. Subjects with worse skills in naming, conversational discourse and letter-category verbal fluency had a greater chance of being referred to out-patient rehabilitation services. Thus patients with both auditory comprehension and oral expression deficits were more likely to require in-patient services whereas those who had oral expression deficits but no significant difficulty in auditory comprehension were more often referred to out-patient services. Also, worse conversational discourse skills and semantic-category naming ability were related to lower GOSE scores and the chance of a longer LOS was greater when letter-category naming was poorer. Conclusion The likelihood of individuals requiring rehabilitation services post mTBI was related to performance on several oral expression and auditory comprehension measures. It is therefore important to evaluate cognitive-communication skills early to determine rehabilitation needs.