Study on the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine on the liver of perioperative diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Although several studies have reported that dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist that protects liver function in perioperative patients by inhibiting oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory response, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been included in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perioperative low-dose dexmedetomidine on perioperative liver function in T2DM patients. Methods: This was a single-center, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Fifty-four T2DM patients scheduled for debridement of lower extremity ulcers were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 27 per group): the dexmedetomidine group (DEX group) and the control group (CON group). Continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX group) or normal saline (CON group) was administered from the completion of monitoring to the end of surgery. All participants received femoral and sciatic nerve block with 0.33% ropivacaine. The main result was the activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALT) reflecting liver function. The secondary results included variables reflecting blood glucose (Glu), blood lipids (TG, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol), biomarkers of OS (MDA, SOD), and systemic inflammatory response (TNF-alpha, IL-6). Results: Compared with CON group, DEX group exhibited a reduction in hemodynamic parameters, Glu, systemic inflammatory response, and liver injury indicators. OS response MDA activity was lower in DEX group than in CON group, while SOD was higher than that in CON group. The variables reflecting lipid metabolism function showed no differences between the groups. Conclusion subsections: Dexmedetomidine administered perioperatively can reduce Glu levels and protect the liver by attenuating OS injury and inflammatory response in T2DM patients without any potential risk.