2-arachidonoylglycerol;
anandamide;
International Space Station;
spaceflight;
stress;
STRESS;
RECEPTOR;
GLUCOCORTICOIDS;
ANANDAMIDE;
RELEASE;
ENHANCE;
DISEASE;
MEN;
D O I:
10.1515/revneuro-2012-0057
中图分类号:
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号:
071006 ;
摘要:
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions, from stress and memory regulation to vegetative control and immunity. The ECS is considered a central and peripheral stress response system to emotional or physical challenges and acts through endocannabinoids (ECs), which bind to their receptors inducing subsequent effecting mechanisms. In our studies, the ECS responses have been assessed through blood concentrations of the ECs anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. In parallel, saliva cortisol was determined and the degree of perceived stress was quantified by questionnaires. This report summarizes the reactivity of the ECS in humans subjected to brief periods of kinetic stress and weightlessness during parabolic flights and to prolonged stress exposure during life onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Both conditions resulted in a significant increase in circulating ECs. Under the acute stress during parabolic flights, individuals who showed no evidence of motion sickness were in low-stress conditions and had a significant increase of plasma ECs. In contrast, highly stressed individuals with severe motion sickness had an absent EC response and a massive increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Likewise, chronic but well-tolerated exposure to weightlessness and emotional and environmental stressors on the ISS for 6 months resulted in a sustained increase in EC blood concentrations, which returned to baseline values after the cosmonauts' return. These preliminary results suggest that complex environmental stressors result in an increase of circulating ECs and that enhanced EC signaling is probably required for adaptation and tolerance under stressful conditions.
机构:
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Yang, Han-Mo
Kim, Joonoh
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Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Kim, Joonoh
Kim, Baek-Kyung
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Kim, Baek-Kyung
Seo, Hyun Ju
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Seo, Hyun Ju
Kim, Ju -Young
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Kim, Ju -Young
Lee, Joo-Eun
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Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Joo-Eun
Lee, Jaewon
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Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Jaewon
You, Jihye
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Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
You, Jihye
Jin, Sooryeonhwa
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Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Jin, Sooryeonhwa
Kwon, Yoo-Wook
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Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Kwon, Yoo-Wook
Jang, Hyun-Duk
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Jang, Hyun-Duk
Kim, Hyo-Soo
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Natl Res Lab Stem Cell N, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Innovat Res Inst Cell Therapy, Seoul, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Mol Med & Biopharmaceut Sci, Seoul 03080, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea
机构:
Univ Duesseldorf, Med Fac, Div Cardiol Pulmonol & Vasc Med, Dusseldorf, GermanyParacelsus Med Univ Salzburg, Dept Cardiol, Clin Internal Med 2, Salzburg, Austria
Knost, Thorben
Abusamrah, Thaer
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机构:
Univ Duesseldorf, Med Fac, Div Cardiol Pulmonol & Vasc Med, Dusseldorf, GermanyParacelsus Med Univ Salzburg, Dept Cardiol, Clin Internal Med 2, Salzburg, Austria
Abusamrah, Thaer
Kelm, Malte
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机构:
Univ Duesseldorf, Med Fac, Div Cardiol Pulmonol & Vasc Med, Dusseldorf, GermanyParacelsus Med Univ Salzburg, Dept Cardiol, Clin Internal Med 2, Salzburg, Austria
Kelm, Malte
Bimpong-Buta, Nana-Yaw
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机构:
Univ Duesseldorf, Med Fac, Div Cardiol Pulmonol & Vasc Med, Dusseldorf, GermanyParacelsus Med Univ Salzburg, Dept Cardiol, Clin Internal Med 2, Salzburg, Austria
Bimpong-Buta, Nana-Yaw
Jung, Christian
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机构:
Univ Duesseldorf, Med Fac, Div Cardiol Pulmonol & Vasc Med, Dusseldorf, GermanyParacelsus Med Univ Salzburg, Dept Cardiol, Clin Internal Med 2, Salzburg, Austria
机构:
Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, JapanNagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Iwase, S
Mano, T
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Mano, T
Cui, J
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Cui, J
Kitazawa, H
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Kitazawa, H
Kamiya, A
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Kamiya, A
Miyazaki, S
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Miyazaki, S
Sugiyama, Y
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Sugiyama, Y
Mukai, C
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
Mukai, C
Nagaoka, S
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机构:Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Dept Autonom Neurosci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan