Wrinkling poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) free-standing films: Nanostructure formation and physical properties

Polymer nanostructures were developed on fully bio-based poly(trimethylene furanoate) (PTF) films, by using the technique of Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). We found that irradiation times between 1 and 8 min allowed the formation of periodic and nanometric ripples, when using an UV pulsed laser source at a fluence of 8 mJ/cm(2). The wrinkled surfaces were studied by a combined macro- and nanoscale approach. We evaluated possible physicochemical changes taking place on the polymer surface after irradiation by infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The macroscopic properties of PTF showed almost no changes after nanostructure formation, differently from the results previously found for the terephthalic counterparts, as poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, and poly(trimethylene terephthalate), PTT. At the nanoscale, the surface mechanical properties of the nanostructured PTF were found to be improved, as evidenced by force spectroscopy measurements. In particular, stiffer surfaces characterized by an increased Young's modulus were measured for the nanostructured sample.