Resident learning trajectories in the workplace: A self-regulated learning analysis

Context Research in workplace learning has emphasised trainees' active role in their education. By focusing on how trainees fine-tune their strategic learning, theories of self-regulated learning (SRL) offer a unique lens to study workplace learning. To date, studies of SRL in the workplace tend to focus on listing the factors affecting learning, rather than on the specific mechanisms trainees use to regulate their goal-directed activities. To inform the design of workplace learning interventions that better support SRL, we asked: How do residents navigate their exposure to and experience performing invasive procedures in intensive care units? Methods In two academic hospitals, we conducted post-call debriefs with residents coming off shift and later sought their elaborated perspectives via semi-structured interviews. We used a constant comparative methodology to analyse the data, to iteratively refine data collection, and to inform abductive coding of the data, using SRL principles as sensitising concepts. Results We completed 29 debriefs and nine interviews with 24 trainees. Participants described specific mechanisms: identifying, creating, avoiding, missing and competing for opportunities to perform invasive procedures. While using these mechanisms to engage with procedures (or not), participants reported: distinguishing trajectories (i.e. becoming attuned to task-relevant factors), navigating trajectories (i.e. creating and interacting with opportunities to perform procedures), and co-constructing trajectories with their peers, supervisors and interprofessional team members. Conclusions We identified specific SRL mechanisms trainees used to distinguish and navigate possible learning trajectories. We also confirmed previous findings, including that trainees become attuned to interactions between personal, behavioural and environmental factors (SRL theory), and that their resulting learning behaviours are constrained and guided by interactions with peers, supervisors and colleagues (workplace learning theory). Making learning trajectories explicit for clinician teachers may help them support trainees in prioritising certain trajectories, in progressing along each trajectory, and in co-constructing their plans for navigating them.