Effects of the In-flipped Classroom on the Learning Environment of Database Engineering

The growth of information technology has led to the introduction of blended learning classrooms. A "flipped" classroom is a specific type of blended learning environment that allows students to learn outside the classroom through e-learning and then interact with the teacher inside the classroom. Although flipped classrooms have many advantages, some issues, such as low motivation prior to lectures, remain and should be improved. This paper proposes an in-flipped classroom to overcome the problems found in existing flipped classrooms and evaluates this type of classroom using a Database Engineering course in a master's program. This study uses the College and University Classroom Environment Inventory (CUCEI) to investigate the learning performance of the newly proposed in-flipped teaching environment. The results show that students in an in-flipped classroom exhibit better individualization than those in a traditional classroom and have increased interest in cooperative learning. The study also finds that students are more easily engaged in lectures and develop self-directed, self-regulating, and self-determined skills through the proposed method.