Intra-annual growing season climate variability drives the community intra-annual stability of a temperate grassland by altering intra-annual species asynchrony and richness in Inner Mongolia, China

Understanding the factors that regulate the functioning of our ecosystems in response to environmental changes can help to maintain the stable provisioning of ecosystem services to mankind. This is especially relevant given the increased variability of environmental conditions due to human activities. In particular, maintaining a stable production and plant biomass during the growing season (intra-annual stability) despite pervasive and directional changes in temperature and precipitation through time can help to secure food supply to wild animals, livestock, and humans. Here, we conducted a 29-year field observational study in a temperate grassland to explore how the intra-annual stability of primary productivity is influenced by biotic and abiotic variables through time. We found that intra-annual precipitation variability in the growing season indirectly influenced the community intra-annual biomass stability by its negative effect on intra-annual species asynchrony. While the intra-annual temperature variability in the growing season indirectly altered community intra-annual biomass stability through affecting the intra-annual species richness. At the same time, although the intra-annual biomass stability of the dominant species and the dominant functional group were insensitive to climate variability, they also promoted the stable community biomass to a certain extent. Our results indicate that ongoing intra-annual climate variability affects community intra-annual biomass stability in the temperate grassland, which has important theoretical significance for us to take active measures to deal with climate change.