Distinct β-Catenin and PIK3CA Mutation Profiles in Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Endometrioid and Clear Cell Carcinomas

Objectives: We focused on the differences in molecular mechanisms in the early stages of endometriosis-associated ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEMCa) and ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCCa). Methods: Alterations in the beta-catenin and PIK3CA genes, as well as expression of their associated markers, were investigated. Results: Mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene were identified in 21 (60%) of 35 OEMCas. The mutations were also detected in the coexisting nonatypical (52.4%) and atypical (73.3%) endometriosis, and the single-nucleotide substitutions were identical in most cases. In contrast, the mutations were not identified in any of the OCCCas and their coexisting endometriosis. PIK3CA mutations were observed in 11 (31.4%) of 35 OEMCas and 10 (35.7%) of 28 OCCCas. Ten of 11 OEMCas had PIK3CA mutations in exon 9, and eight of 10 OCCCas had them in exon 20. The same mutations were also detected in the coexisting nonatypical and/or atypical endometriosis in three OEMCas and four OCCCas. In addition, significant differences in the expression of pAkt, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta, hypoxiainducible factor 1 alpha, p65, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evident between the two types of tumors and their coexisting endometriosis. Conclusions: Distinct molecular events may occur in relatively early stages of tumorigenesis of endometriosisassociated OEMCas and OCCCas.