Successful Right Hepatectomy for Recurrent Liver Tumor Originating from an Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma: A Follow-Up Case Report

Objective: Rare disease Background: Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare malignancy, and complete resection may pro-vide better patient survival. Hepatectomy for intrahepatic tumor recurrence has not been previously reported. Case Report: A 58-year-old woman underwent resection of an IVC-LMS with en bloc nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, and ret-roperitoneal soft tissue resection without IVC reconstruction 3 years 8 months ago. Twenty-nine months after the primary operation, a solitary intrahepatic liver tumor was found adjacent to the right and middle hepatic veins during imaging follow-up. The patient was diagnosed with LMS recurrence. As her liver functional param-eters permitted major hepatectomy, right hepatectomy combined with resection of the vena cava wall leaving a tumor-free margin and securing the confluence of the middle hepatic vein were successfully accomplished via an anterior approach, without adverse events. Intrahepatic metastasis of LMS invading the vena cava wall has been diagnosed historically. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and at 1-year follow-up after the second surgery, she was observed to have no tumor relapse without any adjuvant treatment. Previous reports have shown that IVC-LMS is often observed, and operative risk or prognosis is based on the extension of the LMS toward the hepatic veins or cardiac atrium. Conclusions: Radical hepatectomy for recurrent IVC-LMS has not been previously reported, and our case experience re-vealed that a challenging surgical intervention resulting in complete tumor removal can provide good survival outcomes.