Cost-optimal approach to transform the public buildings into nZEBs: an European cross-country comparison

A cross-country comparison of the RePublic ZEB project results is presented. The paper reports on the energy efficiency measures and on the options considered for the refurbishment of the public buildings taken as representative of the building stock in the countries involved in the project. The nZEB solutions are compared in terms of adopted energy efficiency measures; moreover, the nZEBs are quantitatively defined through a set of energy, economic and environmental parameters. The paper aims at giving an overview on the meaning of nZEB in the European context, and on its energy and economic feasibility for real public existing buildings. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.