A causal relationship between Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections

Bordetella parapertussis is isolated during the late stages of pertussis outbreaks and occasionally from patients infected with pertussis. The relationship between Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis was investigated in mice with monoinfections and mixed infections. Four groups of 10 2-week-old suckling mice were studied: mice born to mice vaccinated against pertussis during pregnancy and unvaccinated controls consequently did and did not receive antipertussis toxin (PT) antibody transcolostrally. The mice were infected transnasally with B. parapertussis strain 422 and 2 identical groups were infected transnasally with B. parapertussis strain 422 and B. pertussis strain 18-323. Bacterial colonization of the lungs and trachea was studied at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after challenge. No persistent colonization by B. parapertussis of the lungs or trachea of monoinfected suckling mice were observed. Persistent colonization by B. parapertussis was observed when suckling mice that received anti-PT antibody transcolostrally mere infected with both species. These findings are consistent with the clinical characteristics of B. parapertussis. The results of this study demonstrate that B. pertussis infection facilitates B. parapertussis infection.