Barriers to Aging in Place for Rural, Institutionalized Older Adults: A Qualitative Exploration

Objectives Although the majority of older adults wish to "age in place" in their communities, rural contexts pose challenges to maintaining long-term independence. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the experiences of rural older adults who live in Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) and thus have not aged in place. By retrospectively analyzing their pre-institution care situation, we aim to generate foundational knowledge on the barriers to aging in place in rural settings. Methods A series of individual and group interviews was conducted in SNFs across seven rural communities. A grounded, thematic analysis was used to interpret interview findings, and coding was informed by the socio-ecological model (SEM). Results Participants were 32 adults with a mean age of 72 years (SD = 5.7 years) and an average SNF residence of 3.9 years. Two themes emerged as primary barriers to successful aging in place: (1) Caregiver-related support issues and (2) Present focus, or lack of advanced care-planning. Conclusions Findings suggest the importance of specifically supporting caregivers, to ease burden and allow for increased agency for rural older adults. A lack of access to caregiver supports and other services limits the ability of community-dwelling rural older adults to age in place or plan for the future. Clinical Implications Existing networks of rural community resources and innovative solutions should be leveraged to improve access to services for older adults and their informal caregivers.