Phytotoxicity Induced by Herbicide and Surfactant on stomata and epicuticular wax of Wheat

This study was performed in order to determine some of toxic effects of different doses of Attribut (propoxycarbazone-sodium) used in wheat fields and of BioPower (sodium alkylether-sulphate) surfactant added Attribut on epicuticular wax deposition and stomata on Triticum aestivum L. cv Pehlivan by scanning electron microscope. The doses used in the study were (0.42 mM Attribut) (Farmer Dose) (FD), (0.82 mM Attribut) (FD x 2), (1.68 mM Attribut) (FDx4) and the same doses including 0.25% of BioPower surfactant. Applications were done by seed and leaf treatments under field conditions. In SEM studies, in (FD x 2), (FD x 4), (FDS x 2) and (FDS x 4) applications, plasmolysis of the epiderma and morphological changes in the cuticle, unlike the control, were determined. It was observed in (FD x 2) and (FD x 4) applications that volumes of the stomata narrowed and they went into plasmolysis. In (FDS x 2) and (FDS x 4) applications, especially reduction in wax and alterations in wax crystals were determined.