[1] Cent Univ Finance & Econ, China Inst Actuarial Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
[2] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Actuarial Math & Stat, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland
[3] Heriot Watt Univ, Maxwell Inst Math Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland
[4] City Univ London, Cass Business Sch, London EC1Y 8TZ, England
[5] Macquarie Univ, Dept Appl Finance & Actuarial Studies, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
[6] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Financial Risk, Fac Business & Econ, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
[7] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China