Effects of drought on birds and riparian vegetation in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico

被引:22
|
作者
Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel [1 ]
Nagler, Pamela L. [2 ]
Carrillo-Guererro, Yamilett K. [3 ]
Glenn, Edward P. [4 ]
机构
[1] Pronatura Noroeste, San Luis Rio Colorado 83440, Sonora, Mexico
[2] Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA
[3] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA
[4] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA
关键词
Drought; Riparian habitats; Riparian-obligate birds; Floods; Climate change; Tamarix; Populus; Salix; Prosopissequia; habitat ripario; ayes riparias; inundacion; cambio climatico; Prosopis; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT; RESTORATION; HYDROLOGY;
D O I
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.082
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The riparian corridor in the delta of the Colorado River in Mexico supports internationally important bird habitat. The vegetation is maintained by surface flows from the U.S. and Mexico and by a high, non-saline aquifer into which the dominant phreatophytic shrubs and trees are rooted. We studied the effects of a regional drought on riparian vegetation and avian abundance and diversity from 2002 to 2007, during which time surface flows were markedly reduced compared to the period from 1995 to 2002. Reduced surface flows led to a reduction in native tree cover but an increase in shrub cover, mostly due to an increase in Tamarix spp., an introduced halophytic shrub, and a reduction in Populus fremontii and Salix gooddingii trees. However, overall vegetation cover was unchanged at about 70%. Overall bird density and diversity were also unchanged, but riparian-obligate species tended to decrease in abundance, and generalist species increased. Although reduction in surface flows reduced habitat value and negatively impacted riparian-obligate bird species, portions of the riparian zone exhibited resilience. Surface flows are required to reduce soil salt levels and germinate new cohorts of native trees, but the main source of water supporting this ecosystem is the aquifer, derived from underflows from irrigated fields in the U.S. and Mexico. The long-term prospects for delta riparian habitats are uncertain due to expected reduced flows of river water from climate change, and land use practices that will reduce underflows to the riparian aquifer and increase salinity levels. Active restoration programs would be needed if these habitats are to be preserved for the future. Resumen: El corredor ripario en el delta del do Colorado en Mexico contiene habitat para ayes de importancia internacional. La vegetacion se mantiene con flujos superficiales de E.U. y Mexico y por un acuifero somero de baja salinidad al cual Ilegan las raices de los arbustos y arboles freatofiticos. Estudiamos los efectos de una sequia regional sobre la vegetacion riparia y la abundancia y diversidad de ayes entre el 2002 y 2007, periodo en el que los flujos superficiales se redujeron drasticamente, en comparacion con el periodo entre 1995-2002. La reduccion de flujos superficiales cause la reduccion en cobertura de arboles nativos y un incremento en la cobertura de arbustos, principalmente por el aumento de Tamarix spp., un arbusto halofito introducido, y por la perdida de Populus fremontii y Salix gooddingii. Sin embargo, la cobertura vegetal se mantuvo sin cambio, en cerca de 70%. La densidad y diversidad de ayes tambien se mantuvo, pero la abundancia de especies riparias descendio, mientras que las especies generalistas aumentaron. Aunque la reduccion en flujos superficiales redujo el valor de habitat y afecto negativamente a las ayes riparias, algunas porciones de la zona exhibieron resiliencia. Los flujos superficiales se requieren para reducir la salinidad en el suelo y para la germinacion de nuevos cohortes de arboles nativos, pero la principal fuente de agua para este ecosistema es el acuifero, derivado de los flujos subterraneos que provienen de la irrigacion agricola en E.U. y Mexico. La expectativa para los habitats riparios en el delta es incierta debido a que se espera una reduccion en los flujos superficiales a causa del cambio climatico, y por las practicas que reduciran los flujos subterraneos y aumentaran la salinidad. Para poder preservar estos habitats hacia el futuro se requiere la implementacion de programas de restauracion activa. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:275 / 281
页数:7
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