[1] UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[2] Laval Univ, Dept Family Med & Emergency Med, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
[3] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Sect Palliat Care & Med Eth, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[4] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Program Eth & Decis Making,CRISMA Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[5] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[6] Med Thorac Associates, Shadyside Med Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[7] Univ Pittsburgh, CRISMA Ctr, Hlth Serv Res Data Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[8] Univ Pittsburgh, CRISMA Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Program Eth & Decis Making, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[9] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Human Comp Interact Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA