Emerging Resistance of Antibiotics Against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Methicillin Sensitive and Resistance Staphylococcus aureus

The aim of this study is to identify the recent evolutionary resistance patterns in the different bacterial strains obtained from biological fluids. We found that Escherichia coli resistance patterns is rising against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Piperacillin/tazobactum, imipenem, meropenem, aztreonam, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone/sulbactum, ceftizidme, and cefepime to 64, 16, 3.5, 24, 38, 100, 59, 62, 53, 16, and 61%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be resistant against beta-plactum antibiotics piperacillin/tazobactum, imipenem, meropenem, aztreonam, ceftizidime, and cefipime to 13, 8, 33, 20, 10, and 14%, respectively. Moreover, levofloxacin ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and gentamicin were found to be 79, 15, 7, and 9% resistant against P. aeruginosa, respectively. MSSA resistance pattern against amoxicillin/clavulanicacid, piperacillin/tazobactum, imipenem, meropenem, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, was 92, 75, 0, 2, 67, 15, and 33%, respectively. MSSA was found to be resistant against levofloxacin (100%), ciprofloxacin(50%), fusidic acid (29%), vancomycin (9%), and clindamycin (45%). MRSA did not report any resistance to fusidic acid and clindamycin in this time period. Study shows the population of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, MSSA and MRSA bacteria has significantly evolved resistance patterns, at least in Pakistani population.