An implicit contact algorithm for the 3D simulation of the forging process

We present an implicit contact algorithm for the 3D numerical simulation of hot forging. The previous explicit version was based on penalty formulation and a nodal contact method Although it showed quite robust and efficient, it allowed for temporary and local unwanted penetrations. The new algorithm makes it possible to eliminate them. For the studied examples, it shows nearly as efficient and robust as the explicit algorithm. The important point is the introduction of a 3D smoothing of the normals of the discretized obstacle.