[1] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Clin Res Informat Management, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
[2] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Care Res, Kyoto, Japan
[3] Aichi Prefectural Hosp, Dept Surg, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
[4] Kochi Univ, Dept Surg, Kochi, Japan
[5] Yokoyama Gastrointestinal Hosp, Dept Surg, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
[6] Univ Tokyo, Sch Hlth Sci & Nursing, Dept Biostat, Tokyo, Japan