Research Advances on Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Suaeda

Simple Summary This review comprehensively analyzes the molecular mechanism of Suaeda species under salt stress from aspects of physiology, biochemistry, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the salt tolerance of Suaeda. The unique genetic and physiological characteristics of Suaeda support their high potential for utilization as promising biological resources to improve agriculture under saline conditions. Plant growth and development are inevitably affected by various environmental factors. High salinity is the main factor leading to the reduction of cultivated land area, which seriously affects the growth and yield of plants. The genus Suaeda is a kind of euhalophyte herb, with seedlings that grow rapidly in moderately saline environments and can even survive in conditions of extreme salinity. Its fresh branches can be used as vegetables and the seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which has important economic value and usually grows in a saline environment. This paper reviews the progress of research in recent years into the salt tolerance of several Suaeda species (for example, S. salsa, S. japonica, S. glauca, S. corniculata), focusing on ion regulation and compartmentation, osmotic regulation of organic solutes, antioxidant regulation, plant hormones, photosynthetic systems, and omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics). It helps us to understand the salt tolerance mechanism of the genus Suaeda, and provides a theoretical foundation for effectively improving crop resistance to salt stress environments.