Human Brucellosis in Iran: Incidence, Complication, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Despite its control in many countries, it remains endemic in Iran. Routine serological surveillance along with high clinical suspicion and screening of family members of index cases would be essential in delineating the real magnitude of human brucellosis in endemic countries. Laboratory testing is indispensable for diagnosis. Advances in newer rapid, sensitive, and specific testing methodologies and alternate treatment strategies are urgently needed. A safe and effective vaccine in human is not yet available. Prevention is dependent upon increasing public awareness through health education programs and safe livestock practices. Co-operation between health and veterinary services should be promoted actively.This review contains all these issues in general, and the incidence, diagnosis and therapy in particular, in the Iran.