VLC-counted watermarking for JPEG image complete authentication

This paper proposes a fragile watermarking algorithm based on look-up table in bit domain. This scheme is simple and with low computational complexity because both watermark embedding and detecting are performed in the lowest domain (bit domain). This scheme can detect and localize alterations of the original image, such as the tampering of images exported from a digital camera. The experimental results show that this scheme has a low visual quality impact and is sensitive to image modification, so it can be used for JPEG image complete authentication.