The present dataset refers to the research article entitled "A multiscale investigation on the performance improvement of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites after exposure to high temperatures" [1] . Supplementary data on raw mate-rials characterization, temperature recording, mass loss, wa-ter absorption, compressive strength, flexural behavior, pull-out response, fiber-matrix interface, and surface, microstruc-ture and hardness of fibers are presented here. The contin-uous matrix was produced from cementitious grout contain-ing Portland cement, sand, silica fume, superplasticizer, and water. The heating was carried out in an electric oven up to 260 degrees C. The bending tests was performed for fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC) with steel fiber contents of 1%, 3%, and 5% by volume, and for non-fibrous matrix. The pull-out test was performed using single fiber embedded in the matrix. The water absorption and axial compression tests was performed for non-fibrous matrix. The fiber-matrix anal-ysis was performed from polished sections of fibers embed-ded in cementitious matrix. The fiber analysis was performed from steel fibers. The data refer to the residual properties af-ter heating and slow cooling or to the reference condition without heating. The data can help in understanding resid-ual performance of FRCC after exposure to high temperatures and may be useful for developing resilient building materials.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.This is an open access article under the CC BY license( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )