Utilization of Atikokan coal fly ash in acid rock drainage control from Musselwhite Mine tailings

A site-specific study is carried out to assess the suitability of utilizing Atikokan coal fly ash (AFA) as a buffering material to control and mitigate the generation of acid rock drainage from reactive Musselwhite Mine tailings. The physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the fly ash and mine tailings are determined via experiments, followed by six kinetic column permeation tests to monitor the leaching properties of the coal fly ash and coal fly ash mine tailings mixtures. The results of the experiments indicate that the hydraulic conductivities of high-calcium AFA and the ash-tailings mixtures are significantly reduced upon contact with acidic drainage. The pH of the pore fluid has increased from acidic (pH 4) to alkaline (pH 8 and above). Chemical analyses after the kinetic column permeation tests further indicate that concentrations of regulated elements in the leachate from the ash-tailings mixtures are well below the guideline limits set by the Ontario environmental authority for accelerated flow conditions.