Semi-supervised Seizure Prediction with Generative Adversarial Networks

Many outstanding studies have reported promising results in seizure prediction that is considered one of the most challenging predictive data analysis. This is mainly because electroencephalogram (EEG) bio-signal intensity is very small, in 1V range, and there are significant sensing difficulties given physiological and non-physiological artifacts. In this article, we propose an approach that can make use of not only labeled EEG signals but also the unlabeled ones which are more accessible. We also suggest the use of data fusion to further improve the seizure prediction accuracy. Data fusion in our vision includes EEG signals, cardiogram signals, body temperature and time. We use the short-time Fourier transform on 28-s EEG windows as a pre-processing step. A generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained in an unsupervised manner where information of seizure onset is disregarded. The trained Discriminator of the GAN is then used as feature extractor. Features generated by the feature extractor are classified by two fully-connected layers (can be replaced by any classifier) for the labeled EEG signals. This semi-supervised seizure prediction method achieves area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 77.68% and 75.47% for the CHBMIT scalp EEG dataset and the Freiburg Hospital intracranial EEG dataset, respectively. Unsupervised training without the need of labeling is important because not only it can be performed in real-time during EEG signal recording, but also it does not require feature engineering effort for each patient.