Associations between anxious-depressed symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in a longitudinal childhood study

Objective. To examine the influence of anxious/depressed scores on cardiovascular risk factors throughout childhood. Methods. Data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, a study of 2900 pregnancies recruited between 1989 and 1991, were used. Anxious-depressed scores (derived from the Childhood Behavior Checklist), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were measured at 5 (n=1681), 8 (n = 1697), 10 (n = 1575) and 14 (n = 1386) years. At age 14 depressive symptom scores (Beck Depression Inventory for Youth), anxious-depressed scores (Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)) and fasting lipid, glucose and insulin were also available. Cross sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted. Results. At age 14, girls with higher anxious-depressed scores had higher BMI (p <= 0.005) and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (p <= 0.0001). This equated to a difference 01 0.6 kg/m(2) and 0.3 units in predicted BMI and HOMA-IR respectively (top 5% vs. score of zero). Boys with higher anxious-depressed scores had lower systolic blood pressure trajectories (p = 0.024). Conclusion. Depressive scores appear to have differing influences on BMI, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure in boys and girls. Paradoxically boys with higher anxious-depressed scores had lower blood pressure throughout childhood. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.