The combined effects of midazolam and propofol sedation on muscle power

We performed a randomised, crossover study to investigate the effects of intravenous sedation on grip strength and bite force. Twenty male volunteers received a bolus intravenous injection of midazolam (0.02mg.kg1) together with a 30-min propofol infusion designed to achieve an effect-site concentration of 1.0g.ml1. Observed variables included bispectral index, observer's assessment of alertness/sedation, correct answer rate of Stroop colour-word test, grip strength and bite force. Grip strength decreased from a median (IQR [range]) of 483 (443517 [380586]) N to 358 (280405 [108580]) N (p<0.001) during sedation and recovered following flumazenil administration, while bite force increased from 818 (5931026 [4051406]) N to 1377 (12431585 [8362357]) N (p<0.001) during sedation. Although bite force gradually returned to baseline following flumazenil administration, it remained increased throughout the experimental period. We conclude that bite force increased during intravenous sedation and that this may have clinical implications.