In the design of the battlefield damage test, in order to reduce the cost of the test and obtain more equipment damage data, it is necessary to analyze the primary and secondary relationship of each test design factor. Firstly, the test plan is formulated by useing orthogonal test, and then a large amount of equipment battlefield damage simulation data is collected by using the equipment battlefield damage simulation platform. Finally, the gray correlation analysis method is used to analyze the test data, and the quantitative index of the correlation between the test performance and the main design factors of the test design is obtained. The analysis results show that the degree of influence of the experimental design factors on the test performance is ranked as: the distance of the explosion point > the vertical height of the ammunition from the ground > the horizontal angle of the ammunition > the elevation angle of the ammunition. The analysis results provide theoretical support for the design and optimization of the equipment battlefield damage test program.