The role of TNF-α and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one of the most serious inherited inflammatory disorders among Jewish, Armenian, Turkish and Arab populations. The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in its etiology. We have investigated whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms are associated with FMF and evaluated the relationship between these polymorphisms and genotypic manifestation of FMF. We investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha promoter at positions -308 G/A and the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism in peripheral blood leukocytes collected from 177 individuals with FMF with different genotype combinations. All of the polymorphisms of TNF-alpha and PAI-1 were detected by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There were no association between the TNF-alpha/308 genotypes and mutations in FMF. In contrast, the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism may have a significant effect in FMF disease. Screening with PAI-1 gene polymorphism tests may be beneficial for tracing future FMF patients. However, further investigations are needed to reach a conclusion on the association between PAI-1 polymorphisms and FMF.