The Metabolic Syndrome: Review

The methabolic syndrome comprises constallation of insulin resistance and several other metabolic, vascular disorders. The characteristic features of the methabolic syndrome include central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, vascular inflammation and prothrombothic state. Insulin is a hormone necessary for the normal metabolism and provision of energy from carbonhydrate, fat, and protein molecules. Insulin facilitates the uptake and metabolism of glucose in peripheral muscle, fat and hepatic tissue. Insulin resistance is a state that impaired physiologic response to the normal actions of insulin. Central obesity, physical inactivity and genetic factors contribute to the onset or development of insulin resistance. Although insulin resistance is present in most people who develop type 2 Diabetes mellitus, it is generally present for many years before changes in glucose metabolism are evident. Insulin resistance has been considered an important factor connecting many of the features of the metabolic syndrome. Components of the metabolic syndrome and some other features such as, activation of inflammatory system, microalbulminuria, fibrinolysis and coagulation have been associated with insulin resistance. Inflamation is now thought to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. This condition may explain wily people with the metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. If early and aggressive treatment targeting the metabolic syndrome is successfull, the risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease can be reduced. Lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapy have enormous potential benefit.