Postharvest control of Penicillium expansum in fruits: A review

The infection of fruit by the fungus Penicillin expansum , especially apples and derived products, is a serious global problem. Contaminated fruit and products not only threaten human health, but also reduce commercial pro fits. Given the potential hazards of synthetic fungicides, regulatory agencies have issued restrictions and even prohibitions on their commercial use. Therefore, the development of more environmentally friendly and safe postharvest P. expansum infection control is receiving increasing attention from researchers worldwide. This review summarizes and discusses studies on P. expansum from the past decade, including its contamination of fruit and postharvest control methods, and the contamination and synthesis of patulin, one of the main toxins produced by P. expansum . The combination of biological fungal control with physical or chemical control methods is highlighted. In practical applications, the simultaneous use of two or three of these methods, especially biological methods, achieves more stable and synergistic antifungal effects, and further research on the optimal commercial procedures for using these treatments would be potentially beneficial.