Regulation of market clearing price based on nonlinear models of demand bidding and emergency demand response programs

The role of Demand Side Management programs in maximizing the benefits of electricity market participants is underlined in recent decades. After power system restructuring, Demand Side Management has been divided into Demand response (DR) and energy efficiency programs. Developing Demand Bidding (DB) program enables the widespread participation of smart customers and usually is implemented as a market-driven program while Emergency Demand Response Program (EDRP) is usually implemented as a reliability-driven program. The impacts of employing these DR programs, that is, EDRP and DB, on market clearing price have been investigated in this paper. A nonlinear model for DR program is proposed considering both EDRP and DB program. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated on the Garver network and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 30-bus test system through running a numerical study. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.