Health Disparities Among Sexual Minority Women Veterans

Background: Lesbian and bisexual (i.e., sexual minority) identity is more common among women veterans than among male veterans. Unique health issues have been identified among women veterans and among sexual minority women, but little is known about women who are both sexual minorities and veterans. This study aimed to compare demographic and health information from sexual minority women veterans with sexual minority women non-veterans and heterosexual women veterans. Methods: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data were pooled from ten U. S. states that elected to ask sexual identity during 2010. The analytic sample was comprised of women who identified both their sexual identity and veteran status (n = 1,908). Mental health indicators were frequent mental distress, sleep problems, low social/emotional support, and low satisfaction with life. Health risk indicators included current smoking, overweight, and obesity. Physical health status was defined by three components: disability requiring assistive equipment, > 14 days of poor physical health in the past 30 days, and activity limitations. Results: Compared with heterosexual women veterans, sexual minority women veterans had higher odds of mental distress (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-5.70) and smoking (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.19-4.48). After adjusting for demographic correlates, sexual minority women veterans had three times the odds of poor physical health (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.51-5.99) than their sexual minority non-veteran peers. Conclusions: Results suggest sexual minority women veterans may experience unique health disparities relevant to provision of care in both Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA healthcare systems. Future research requires availability of data that include sexual minority status.