Effects of chemical lipid extraction and arithmetic lipid correction on stable isotope ratios of fish tissues

For accurate interpretation of fish trophodynamics from carbon stable isotope data it is necessary to extract tissue lipids. This is because lipid content varies within and among tissues in both space and time, and because lipids are C-13-depleted relative to proteins. However, lipid extraction may affect delta N-15, thus requiring costly and time-consuming separation of delta C-13 and delta N-15 analyses. These problems have prompted the development of arithmetic correction techniques for delta C-13, but the techniques and their underlying assumptions have not been systematically tested. This study compared the effects of lipid extraction and arithmetic correction techniques on delta C-13 and delta(15) N of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tissues. Following Folch lipid extraction from muscle and liver, there was a mean increase in delta N-15 of 0.77 parts per thousand, but enrichment varied with lipid content such that effects on delta N-15 were hard to predict. Changes in delta C-13 and ON between untreated and lipid-extracted samples reflected the quantity of lipid removed. The arithmetic correction techniques of mass balance and lipid correction were sensitive to the ON of the lipid-extracted tissue and to the assumed depletion of lipid delta C-13 relative to protein delta C-13. However, the mass balance approach was appropriate for the mathematical correction of bulk tissue data in most circumstances, provided that the C:N of lipid-extracted tissue could be determined for a small proportion of samples. Application of mass balance arithmetic correction can lead to significant time and cost savings in trophodynamic studies, because the majority of delta C-13 and delta N-15 analyses would not need to be run separately. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.