Time is a great healer: Peak-end memory bias in anxiety - Induced by threat of shock

被引:3
|
作者
Mueller, Ulrich W. D. [1 ]
Gerdes, Antje B. M. [1 ]
Alpers, Georg W. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Mannheim, Sch Social Sci, Dept Psychol, Mannheim, Germany
关键词
Anxiety; Memory bias; Recall bias; Peak-end bias; Exposure therapy; EXPOSURE THERAPY; RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATIONS; ANTICIPATORY ANXIETY; RECALL RATINGS; PAIN; FEAR; AVOIDANCE; VALIDITY; HUMANS; METAANALYSIS;
D O I
10.1016/j.brat.2022.104206
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Recently, we demonstrated that the peak-end memory bias, which is well established in the context of pain, can also be observed in anxiety: Retrospective evaluations of a frightening experience are worse when peak anxiety is experienced at the end of an episode. Here, we set out to conceptually replicate and extend this finding with rigorous experimental control in a threat of shock paradigm. We induced two intensity levels of anxiety by presenting visual cues that indicated different strengths of electric stimuli. Each of the 59 participants went through one of two conditions that only differed in the order of moderate and high threat phases. As a manipulation check, orbicularis-EMG to auditory startle probes, electrodermal activity, and state anxiety confirmed the effects of the specific threat exposure. Critically, after some time had passed, participants for whom exposure had ended with high threat reported more anxiety for the entire episode than those for whom it ended with moderate threat. Moreover, they ranked their experience as more aversive when compared to other unpleasant everyday experiences. This study overcomes several previous limitations and speaks to the gener-alizability of the peak-end bias. Most notably, the findings bear implications for exposure therapy in clinical anxiety.
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页数:9
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