When and how do we have to treat?

In subjects with photoparoxysmal responses on the EEG but without over epilepsy, pharmacological treatment may be unnecessary. In epilepsy patients with photosensitivity, drugs are usually necessary, and valproate is the classical choice AED. Levetiracetam has become a significant option in recent years, and lamotrigine, topiramate and benzodiazepines, notable clobazam, are considered second-line options. Nonpharmacological treatment is important in all cases, with the association of avoidance strategies (e. g. avoiding exposure to flickering lights in discotheques, and watching television from a safe distance), and filtering glasses. Self-stimulating behaviour may complicate therapy in some patients with photosensitivity, even in the absence of significant psychopathology.